Cytomegalovirus has been described as an important etiological agent of intrauterine infection in pregnant women that causes congenital malformations like intrauterine growth restriction, cerebral palsy. The study on seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies was conducted on one hundred and twenty pregnant women attending, ante-natal clinics in two hospitals in Birnin-Kebbi. The serum samples were examined for the presence of IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus by Elisa technique. From the 120 blood samples collected, 112 (93.3%) were seropositive for cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies and 8 (6.7%) did not have the CMV IgG antibodies. There was no significant relation of CMV IgG seropositivity with increasing age, occupation, residence, stage of pregnancy and parity, however there was association between level of education and CMV IgG seropositivity. Cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies seroprevalence rate was higher in women from urban rural as compared to those of urban rural areas. All women (100%) who had secondary and tertiary education had CMV IgG antibodies and it was high (100%) in civil servants and urban women (96.2%). CMV IgG antibodies was absent in women who were in 1st trimester (3, 11.5%) and 2nd trimester (5, 8.6%). Women (100%) in 3 rdtrimester and who had one and three children had 100% CMV IgG antibodies. There should be voluntary screening of all pregnant women for CMV infection and its antibodies as part of the antenatal care. The identified susceptible/seronegative women should be educated on appropriate preventive measures.

 Now-a-days, economic and medicinal importance of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is an established fact, besides further research methodology is practiced to reach the extreme and extensive value of its diverse pharmacological and other uses. It has been appreciably used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases. Its anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-oxidant properties if exploited efficiently may benefit the mankind in colorful ways. It has a low toxic effect on body hence large doses can be given without any fear of toxicity that reflects its broad therapeutic index. This plant has benefited us of its various medicinal values besides other utilities.

 The purpose of present work is to study antimicrobial activity and medicinally active principles present in different solvent extracts obtained from leaves and fruits of Passiflorasubpeltata.The active principles were isolated by Soxhlet extractor and identified by preliminary phytochemical test. The Soxhlet extraction was performed using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The results of analyses of solvent extract confirmed the active substances were sterols, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins. The antibacterialia tests of isolated substances were performed with pathogenic bacteria like –Escherichia coli ,Klebsiellapneumoniae, Enterobacteraerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, andEnterobacterfaecalis. The observation of microbial test of methanol and ethyl acetate extract of both leaves and fruits supports to antibacterial activity to the greater extent than petroleum ether, and chloroform extract. In this study, both Gram positive and negative bacteria tested were found to be sensitive to methanol and ethyl acetate extract of both leaves and fruits. P.subpeltatarevealed the highest antibacterial activity at a minimum inhibitory concentration againstE.aerogenes, S.aureus, andE.faecalis. These findings suggest the need for further research of this herb and its products. The results provide justification for the use of theP.subpeltata in folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases.